Kabaddi
A kabaddi match during the 2018 Asian GamesHighest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Ha-du-du, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu-Tu-Tu, Himoshika Characteristics Contact Full Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender No, there are separate competitions for male and female Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent, Asia Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics
Kabaddi is a contact team sport. Played between two teams of seven players, the objective of the game is
for a single player on offence, referred to as a "raider", to run into
the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders
as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without
being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the
opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken
out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but are brought back in
for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.
It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularised as a competitive sport in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[3]
There are two major disciplines of kabaddi: "Punjabi kabaddi",
also referred to as "circle style", comprises traditional forms of the
sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, while the "standard
style", played on a rectangular court indoors, is the discipline played
in major professional leagues and international competitions such as the
Asian Games.
The game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, such as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana; kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabadi or ha-du-du in Bangladesh; bhavatik in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the Punjab region; hu-tu-tu in Western India, hu-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu in South India; kapardi in Nepal; and kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu.
A kabaddi match during the 2018 Asian Games | |
| Highest governing body | International Kabaddi Federation |
|---|---|
| Nicknames | Kaudi, Pakaada, Ha-du-du, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu-Tu-Tu, Himoshika |
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | Full |
| Team members | 7 (per side) |
| Mixed gender | No, there are separate competitions for male and female |
| Type | Team sport, Contact sport |
| Equipment | None |
| Venue | Kabaddi court |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Indian Subcontinent, Asia |
| Olympic | Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics |
Kabaddi is a contact team sport. Played between two teams of seven players, the objective of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but are brought back in for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.
It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularised as a competitive sport in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[3]
There are two major disciplines of kabaddi: "Punjabi kabaddi", also referred to as "circle style", comprises traditional forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, while the "standard style", played on a rectangular court indoors, is the discipline played in major professional leagues and international competitions such as the Asian Games.
The game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, such as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana; kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabadi or ha-du-du in Bangladesh; bhavatik in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the Punjab region; hu-tu-tu in Western India, hu-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu in South India; kapardi in Nepal; and kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu.
History
Although unverified, theories from various sources state that kabaddi originated from the Vedic period of ancient India.[5] The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people; an abhang by Tukaram stated that the god Krishna played the game in his youth, while the Mahabharata contains an account of Arjuna being able to sneak into hostile areas also take out enemies unscathed—a passage said to parallel the gameplay of kabaddi. There are also accounts of Gautama Buddha having played the game recreationaly.[6][7][8]
Despite these conflicting claims, modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the Indian continent.[9] India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s,[10] their introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950,[11] and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages, for legitimate international competition.[6][7][8]
After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games' programme beginning in 1990
Legend has it that kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago. Past fans include the Buddha, and the princes who played to display their strength and win their brides.
Rules of Kabaddi
- Each team shall consist of no more than 12 players with only 7 taking to the field at any one time.
- Because of the physical nature of Kabaddi, matches are categorized in age and weight categories.
- There are six officials looking after each Kabaddi match. The officials comprise of a referee, a scorer, two assistant scorers and two umpires.
- The duration of the match is two halves of 20 minutes with a half time break of 5 minutes.
- At the start of a Kabaddi match, there is a coin toss with the winner having the choice as to whether to have the first raid or not. In the second half of the match, the team that did not raid first shall begin the second half with a raid.
- To win a point when raiding, the raider must take a breath and run into the opposition’s half and tag one or more members of the opposing team and then return to their own half of the pitch before inhaling again.
- To prove that another breath hasn’t been taken, the rider must continue to repeatedly yell the word ‘Kabaddi’. Failure to do this, even for just a moment means that the rider must return to their own side of the court without points and the opposite team is awarded a point for a successful defense play.
- The team being raided is defending, and the players must prevent the raiders from tagging them and returning back over the halfway line. Whilst in defence, a team may score a point by successfully preventing the raider returning to their own half after tagging them. Raiders may only be grabbed by their limbs or torso, not by their hair, clothes or anywhere else, and defenders are not permitted to cross the centre line.
- Each team will take turns in raiding and defending. Following halftime, the two teams switch sides of the court and the team who defended first in the first half begin the second half by raiding.
- The game continues in this way until the time is up, the team with the most points at the end of the match is declared the winner.
Pro Kabaddi Field of Play and its dimensions
General rules of play
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The team that wins the toss shall have the choice of the court, or the raid, and the team that loses the toss shall have the remaining choice. In the second half, the court shall be changed and the team, which did not opt for raid shall send their raider first. The game in the second half shall continue with the same number of players as it was at the end of the first half.
-
A player shall be declared out if any part of his body touches outside the court (outside any end line). During struggle, a player shall be declared out only if his entire body is out of the court, and no part of his body is in contact with the court, including the lobby area.
-
If any player goes out of the end line during the course of play, he shall be declared out. The Umpire or Referee will ensure that the out player is no longer active during the raid. The Umpire or Referee shall declare such players out by calling out the numbers. No whistle shall be blown and raid will continue.
-
If one or more defenders who have gone out of bounds hold the raider, the raider shall be declared NOT OUT. Only the defenders who have gone out of bounds will be declared out.
-
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When the struggle begins, the court shall include the lobbies during the struggle and after the struggle in the same raid. The players involved in the struggle can use the lobbies to enter their respective side of the court. This rule will only be applicable in the defending teams’ side of half court.
-
A raider shall continue to chant “ KABADDI” as the approved cant. If he is not keeping the proper approved cant in the opponent’s court, he shall be declared out and the opponent will be awarded one point and the chance to raid. Under such circumstances, he shall not be pursued.
-
A raider must start his cant before he touches the opponent’s side of the half court. If he starts the cant late, he shall be declared out by the Umpire or Referee and the opponent will be awarded one point and the chance to raid.
-
If a raider goes out of turn, the Umpire or Referee shall order him to go back and a technical point will be given to opponent team and the chance to raid.
-
Not more than one raider shall enter the opponent’s court at a time, if more than one raider enters the opponent’s court at a time, the Umpire or Referee shall order all to go back to their court and a technical point will be awarded to the opponent and the chance to raid.
-
After a raider has reached his court, the opponents shall send their raider within 5 seconds. Each side shall continue to send their raider until the end of the game in this fashion. In case the raider fails to start his raid within 5 seconds the team loses its chance to raid and the opponent team is awarded a technical point.
-
When a struggle takes place in a raid, on completion of such raid, Rule viii (above) will not be applicable. The next raid will start on the whistle of the referee after the out players have been seated in the out box.
-
If a raider, who is caught by one or more defenders, escapes from their attempt to hold and reaches his court safely, he shall not be pursued.
Note: But if a raider touches one of more defenders and reaches his court safely, he may be pursued.
-
If a raider, while in the opponent’s court loses his cant, he shall be declared out and the opponent team will be awarded one point and the chance to raid.
-
When a raider is held, the defenders shall not try deliberately to stifle his cant by shutting his mouth, using violent tackling leading to injuries, any type of scissoring or use of any unfair means. If such an incident happens, the Umpire or Referee shall declare the raider NOT OUT.
-
No defender shall willfully push the raider out of the boundary by any part of his body, nor shall any raider willfully push or pull a defender out of the boundary. If the raider is pushed outside the boundary or the defender is pushed or pulled outside the boundary, the Umpire or Referee shall declare the raider or the defender, as the case may be, NOT OUT, and the defender or the raider who pushes or pulls the opponents outside the boundary will be declared OUT.
-
During the course of raid none of the defenders shall touch the raider’s court until completion of the raid. In case one or more defender touches the raiders’ court before completion of the raid they will be declared out and the opponent team will be given that many points.
-
If one or more defenders’ who are out, having violated Rule xiv, holds a raider or violates the said rule while holding or helping to hold the raider, the raider shall be declared NOT OUT and defenders who touch the raiders’ court shall be declared OUT.
-
When a team manages to put out the entire opponent team and none of the opponents are entitled to be revived, then that team scores an ALL-OUT and two extra points for ALL-OUT are awarded in addition to the points scored by the team putting out all the players of the opponent. The play continues and all the players who are out shall enter in their court within 10 Seconds. Otherwise the referee or umpire shall award one technical point to the opponent. If a team fails to enter the court within one minute of the ALL-OUT, then the Referee or Umpire shall award the match to the opponent team.
-
If a raider is warned or in any way instructed by one of his own side during a raid, the Umpire or Referee shall award one technical point to the opponent.
-
A raider or an anti is not to be held by any part of his body deliberately other than his limb or trunk. The one who violates the rule shall be declared OUT. If the raider is held deliberately other than his limb or trunk, the Umpire or Referee shall declare such raider NOT OUT.
Note: If a raider is caught by his clothes or hair the raider shall be declared NOT OUT and the defenders who have violated the Rule shall be declared OUT.
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When one or two players of a team are left during the game and the Captain of the team declares them out in order to bring in the full team, the opponent shall score as many points as the players that existed in the court at the time of declaration as well as Two Extra Points for ALL-OUT.
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Player or players who are out shall be revived in the same order as they were out.
-
If a raider does not score any point or lose any point during the raid, the raid will be treated as an empty raid for his team. In case a team makes three such consecutive empty raids, the raider of the third empty raid shall be declared out and the opponent team shall be awarded a point along with one of their player being revived.
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TV Referral System: Will be dependent on logistics of Broadcaster. Each team will be given 1 unsuccessful referral per game during the Semi-Final, 3rd /4th place playoff & Final matches. Referrals can be called to challenge line decisions as well as touches / tags. Based on replays available for the incident, the TV umpire’s decision in this case will be final.
Note: Referrals must be called for within 10 seconds from the decision of the referee / umpire.
International competitions
Kabaddi World Cup
The Kabaddi World Cup is an outdoor international standard style kabaddi competition conducted by the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF), contested by men's and women's national teams. The competition has been previously contested in 2004, 2007 and 2016. All the tournaments have been won by India. India defeated Iran by 38–29 in the final of the championship game to clinch the title of 2016.
After the establishment of a new kabaddi organization named World Kabaddi Federation, a 2019 Kabaddi World Cup was held in April 2019 at Malacca, Malaysia. It was the largest world cup in kabaddi history, consisting of 32 men teams and 24 female teams.
Most successful team
Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)
| Founded | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Region | International (IKF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of teams | 12 (current) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current champions | India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most successful team(s) |  India (4 titles) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Television broadcasters |  Star Sports Sky Sports  TEN 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Men
Medal table
2019 Kabaddi World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Kabaddi World Cup, is an indoor international Kabaddi competition conducted by the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF) in a standard style, contested by men's and women's national teams. The competition has been previously contested in 2004, 2007 and 2016. All the tournaments have been won by India. In 2016, the very first Kabaddi World Cup for women was held in India. The current format of the competition involves a round-robin group stage, with 6 teams in 2 pools, with the first and second place finishers of each group progressing to the semi-finals.
Asian Games
Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in 1982,[12] before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990.
The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 1990 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver.
Pro Kabaddi League
The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers.
Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tags are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point.
Best raiders
- Most raid points (All seasons)
| Rank | Player | Current Team | Matches | Raid Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pardeep Narwal
|
Patna Pirates | 107 | 1160 |
| 2 | Rahul Chaudhari
|
Tamil Thalaivas | 122 | 955 |
| 3 | Deepak Niwas Hooda
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Jaipur Pink Panthers | 123 | 856 |
| 4 | Ajay Thakur
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Tamil Thalaivas | 115 | 790 |
| 5 | Maninder Singh
|
Bengal Warriors | 79 | 731 |
Best defenders
- Most tackle points (All seasons)
| Rank | Player | Current Team | Matches | Tackle Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manjeet Chillar
|
Tamil Thalaivas | 108 | 339 |
| 2 | Ravinder Pahal
|
Dabang Delhi | 112 | 326 |
| 3 |  Fazel Atrachali
|
U Mumba | 103 | 317 |
| 4 | Sandeep Narwal
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U Mumba | 125 | 310 |
| 5 | PO Surjeet Singh
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Puneri Paltan | 94 | 278 |